Jenis Psikotropika

Psikotropika adalah suatu obat yang termasuk dalam golongan Narkoba (Narkotika dan Obat-obat berbahaya). 

Psikotropika dibedakan menjadi 4 golongan, yaitu:

1. Psikotropika yang tidak digunakan untuk tujuan pengobatan dengan potensiketergantungan yang sangat kuat, contoh: LSD, MDMA dan mascalin.
2. Psikotropika yang berkhasiat terapi tetapi dapat menimbulkan ketergantungan sepertiamfetamin.
3. Psikotropika dari kelompok hipnotik sedatif, seperti barbiturat. Efek ketergantungannyasedang.
4. Psikotropika yang efek ketergantungannya ringan, seperti diazepam, nitrazepam.

Jenis–jenis narkoba yang termasuk Psikotropika:

-Ekstasi -Sabu-sabu

Golongan Psikotropika

Psikotropika yang mempunyai potensi mengakibatkan sindroma ketergantungan digolongkan menjadi4 golongan, yaitu:

1. Psikotropika golongan I : yaitu psikotropika yang tidak digunakan untuk tujuan pengobatan dengan potensi ketergantungan yang sangat kuat
2. Psikotropika golongan II : yaitu psikotropika yang berkhasiat terapi tetapi dapat menimbulkan ketergantungan.
3. Psikotropika golongan III : yaitu psikotropika dengan efek ketergantungannya sedang dari kelompok hipnotik sedatif.
4. Psikotropika golongan IV : yaitu psikotropika yang efek ketergantungannya ringan.

Berdasarkan Konvensi Perserikatan Bangsa Bangsa tentang pemberantasan peredaran narkotika dan psikotropika, tahun 1988 tersebut maka psikotropika dapat digolongkan sebagai berikut : (didahului dengan nama International dan nama kimia diletakkan dalam tanda kurung)
Psikotropika golongan I

• Broloamfetamine atau DOB ((±)-4-bromo-2,5-dimethoxy-alpha-methylphenethylamine)
• Cathinone ((x)-(S)-2-aminopropiophenone)
• DET (3-[2-(diethylamino)ethyl]indole)
• DMA ( (±)-2,5-dimethoxy-alpha-methylphenethylamine )
• DMHP ( 3-(1,2-dimethylheptyl)-7,8,9,10-tetrahydro-6,6,9-trimethyl-6H- dibenzo[b,d]pyran-1-olo )
• DMT ( 3-[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]indole)
• DOET ( (±)-4-ethyl-2,5-dimethoxy-alpha-phenethylamine)
• Eticyclidine – PCE ( N-ethyl-1-phenylcyclohexylamine )
• Etrytamine ( 3-(2-aminobutyl)indole )
• Lysergide – LSD, LSD-25 (9,10-didehydro-N,N-diethyl-6-methylergoline-8beta-carboxamide)
• MDMA ((±)-N,alpha-dimethyl-3,4-(methylene-dioxy)phenethylamine)
• Mescaline (3,4,5-trimethoxyphenethylamine)
• Methcathinone ( 2-(methylamino)-1-phenylpropan-1-one )
• 4-methylaminorex ( (±)-cis-2-amino-4-methyl-5-phenyl-2-oxazoline )
• MMDA (2-methoxy-alpha-methyl-4,5-(methylenedioxy)phenethylamine)
• N-ethyl MDA ((±)-N-ethyl-alpha-methyl-3,4-(methylenedioxy)phenethylamine)
• N-hydroxy MDA ((±)-N-[alpha-methyl-3,4-(methylenedioxy)phenethyl]hydroxylamine)
• Parahexyl (3-hexyl-7,8,9,10-tetrahydro-6,6,9-trimethyl-6H-dibenzo[b,d]pyran-1-ol)
• PMA (p-methoxy-alpha-methylphenethylamine)
• Psilocine, psilotsin (3-[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl] indol-4-ol)
• Psilocybine (3-[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]indol-4-yl dihydrogen phosphate)
• Rolicyclidine – PHP,PCPY ( 1-(1-phenylcyclohexyl)pyrrolidine )
• STP, DOM (2,5-dimethoxy-alpha,4-dimethylphenethylamine)
• Tenamfetamine – MDA (alpha-methyl-3,4-(methylenedioxy)phenethylamine)
• Tenocyclidine – TCP (1-[1-(2-thienyl)cyclohexyl]piperidine)
• Tetrahydrocannabinol
• TMA ((±)-3,4,5-trimethoxy-alpha-methylphenethylamine)

Psikotropika golongan II

• Amphetamine ((±)-alpha-methylphenethylamine)
• Dexamphetamine ((+)-alpha-methylphenethylamine)
• Fenetylline (7-[2-[(alpha-methylphenethyl)amino] ethyl]theophylline)
• Levamphetamine ((x)-(R)-alpha-methylphenethylamine)
• Levomethampheta-mine ((x)-N,alpha-dimethylphenethylamine)
• Mecloqualone (3-(o-chlorophenyl)-2-methyl-4(3H)- quinazolinone)
• Methamphetamine ((+)-(S)-N,alpha-dimethylphenethylamine)
• Methamphetamineracemate ((±)-N,alpha-dimethylphenethylamine)
• Methaqualone (2-methyl-3-o-tolyl-4(3H)-quinazolinone)
• Methylphenidate (Methyl alpha-phenyl-2-piperidineacetate)
• Phencyclidine – PCP (1-(1-phenylcyclohexyl)piperidine)
• Phenmetrazine (3-methyl-2-phenylmorpholine)
• Secobarbital (5-allyl-5-(1-methylbutyl)barbituric acid)
• Dronabinol atau delta-9-tetrahydro-cannabinol ((6aR,10aR)-6a,7,8,10a-tetrahydro-6,6,9-trimethyl-3-pentyl-6H- dibenzo[b,d]pyran-1-ol)
• Zipeprol (alpha-(alpha-methoxybenzyl)-4-(beta-methoxyphenethyl)-1-piperazineethanol)

Psikotropika golongan III

• Amobarbital (5-ethyl-5-isopentylbarbituric acid)
• Buprenorphine (2l-cyclopropyl-7-alpha-[(S)-1-hydroxy-1,2,2-trimethylpropyl]-6,14- endo-ethano-6,7,8,14-tetrahydrooripavine)
• Butalbital (5-allyl-5-isobutylbarbituric acid)
• Cathine / norpseudo-ephedrine ((+)-(R)-alpha-[(R)-1-aminoethyl]benzyl alcohol)
• Cyclobarbital (5-(1-cyclohexen-1-yl)-5-ethylbarbituric acid)
• Flunitrazepam (5-(o-fluorophenyl)-1,3-dihydro-1-methyl-7-nitro-2H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one)
• Glutethimide (2-ethyl-2-phenylglutarimide)
• Pentazocine ((2R*,6R*,11R*)-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydro-6,11-dimethyl-3-(3-methyl-2-butenyl)-2,6-methano-3-benzazocin-8-ol)
• Pentobarbital (5-ethyl-5-(1-methylbutyl)barbitur

ic acid)
Psikotropika golongan IV

• Allobarbital (5,5-diallylbarbituric acid)
• Alprazolam (8-chloro-1-methyl-6-phenyl-4H-s-triazolo[4,3-a][1,4]benzodiazepine)
• Amfepramone (diethylpropion 2-(diethylamino)propiophenone)
• Aminorex (2-amino-5-phenyl-2-oxazoline)
• Barbital (5,5-diethylbarbituric acid)
• Benzfetamine (N-benzyl-N,alpha-dimethylphenethylamine)
• Bromazepam (7-bromo-1,3-dihydro-5-(2-pyridyl)-2H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one)
• Butobarbital (5-butyl-5-ethylbarbituric acid)
• Brotizolam (2-bromo-4-(o-chlorophenyl)-9-methyl-6H-thieno[3,2-f]-s-triazolo[4,3-a][1,4]diazepine)
• Camazepam (7-chloro-1,3-dihydro-3-hydroxy-1-methyl-5-phenyl-2H-1,4 benzodiazepin-2-one dimethylcarbamate (ester))
• Chlordiazepoxide (7-chloro-2-(methylamino)-5-phenyl-3H-1,4-benzodiazepine-4-oxide)
• Clobazam (7-chloro-1-methyl-5-phenyl-1H-1,5-benzodiazepine-2,4(3H,5H)-dione)
• Clonazepam (5-(o-chlorophenyl)-1,3-dihydro-7-nitro-2H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one)
• Clorazepate (7-chloro-2,3-dihydro-2-oxo-5-phenyl-1H-1,4-benzodiazepine-3-carboxylic acid)
• Clotiazepam (5-(o-chlorophenyl)-7-ethyl-1,3-dihydro-1-methyl-2H-thieno [2,3-e] -1,4-diazepin-2-one)
• Cloxazolam (10-chloro-11b-(o-chlorophenyl)-2,3,7,11b-tetrahydro-oxazolo- [3,2-d][1,4]benzodiazepin-6(5H)-one)
• Delorazepam (7-chloro-5-(o-chlorophenyl)-1,3-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one)
• Diazepam (7-chloro-1,3-dihydro-1-methyl-5-phenyl-2H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one)
• Estazolam (8-chloro-6-phenyl-4H-s-triazolo[4,3-a][1,4]benzodiazepine)
• Ethchlorvynol (1-chloro-3-ethyl-1-penten-4-yn-3-ol)
• Ethinamate (1-ethynylcyclohexanolcarbamate)
• Ethyl loflazepate (ethyl 7-chloro-5-(o-fluorophenyl)-2,3-dihydro-2-oxo-1H-1,4-benzodiazepine-3-carboxylate)
• Etil Amfetamine / N-ethylampetamine (N-ethyl-alpha-methylphenethylamine)
• Fencamfamin (N-ethyl-3-phenyl-2-norborananamine)
• Fenproporex ((±)-3-[(alpha-methylphenylethyl)amino]propionitrile)
• Fludiazepam (7-chloro-5-(o-fluorophenyl)-1,3-dihydro-1-methyl-2H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one)
• Flurazepam (7-chloro-1-[2-(diethylamino)ethyl]-5-(o-fluorophenyl)-1,3-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one)
• Halazepam (7-chloro-1,3-dihydro-5-phenyl-1-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)-2H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one)
• Haloxazolam (10-bromo-11b-(o-fluorophenyl)-2,3,7,11b-tetrahydrooxazolo [3,2-d][1,4]benzodiazepin-6(5H)-one)
• Ketazolam (11-chloro-8,12b-dihydro-2,8-dimethyl-12b-phenyl-4H-[1,3]oxazino[3,2-d][1,4]benzodiazepine-4,7(6H)-dione)
• Lefetamine – SPA ((x)-N,N-dimethyl-1,2-diphenylethylamine)